Reflection Personal Development Plan - 1163 Words

Reflection- Personal Development Plan Reflection is a major factor in developing self-awareness to improve services provided to everyone around me, this is to develop my own understanding in realising the good and bad made previously. Moving forward with a better understanding, as well as rectifying the mistake whilst recognising the good points, (Horton-Deutsch and Sherwood, 2008). Ordinarily whilst working in a domiciliary setting and visiting vulnerable adults within their homes, trying to provide a better service to my ability. Thus reflection is a crucial part of what we learn improving the quality of my job performance, providing me with a learning curve for the future, (Ghaye and Lillyman, 2014). Since starting the†¦show more content†¦Nevertheless, Jackson and Thurgate, (2011, p296) have stated PDP plan and a SWOT analysis enables support workers to focus their workplace activities on achieving structured and achievable goals this will help analysis the reality of reaching their target. Reflecting on time management is important due to the service users well-being and so Bach and Ellis (2011) have suggested, I need to achieve time framed tasks, as valuing time is necessary for developing better time management. Gradually building confidence and communication skill by partaking in small group discussions, with a positive attitude, linking theory to practice (Chapman et al., 2013). If an incident occurs in practice, we will act according to the policies and procedures, there are self-evaluation forms and reflective supervisions with the manager, to reflect on ourselves. In practice, a service user had to wait for a while before we could attend to him because of miscommunication between the multidisciplinary team. This could have been avoided if the multidisciplinary team worked together effectively ensuring patients obtain the support required at the time, (Stonehouse 2013). Reflecting on the situation, I could have been more confident by asking questions regarding the service user. Preventing this situation the manager will make sure it does not arise again (Care Quality Commission, 2013). Keeping up-to-date with record keeping is fundamental due to the serviceShow MoreRelatedPersonal Reflection And Development Plan1431 Words   |  6 PagesPersonal Reflection and Development Plan Reflective practice has helped many people to improve their learning. It is a valuable tool often used by healthcare and education providers to improve their approach to work by questioning their actions. Throughout my short time spent in Higher Education (HE) I have learned many new aspects of learning like different learning styles and models of reflection and this provides me with an opportunity to look back over these ideas and reflect. This will allowRead MorePersonal Reflection and Personal Development Plan2558 Words   |  11 PagesSelf Evaluation and Personal Development Plan Creating a personal development plan involves more than simply contemplating what you want from your life and how to go about achieving it. If you want to create a personal development plan that helps you to achieve your goals, preparation is the key. To prepare, one must have a great deal of self-awareness. This includes clear understanding of personal values and ethics, analyzing personality characteristics, evaluation of learning stylesRead MoreReflective Essay : Reflective Practice Theoretical Essay1732 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction(300) Rolfe (2011) state that reflection is a mental process which include thinking, feeling, imagining and learning about what was happening in the past and which could be considered as a personal experience. Reflection is a continuous debate on what might have happened differently and if this could affect differently the present and the future regarding the outcome if is positive or negative. Experience underpin the process of reflection. According to Nursing Midwifery CouncilRead MoreMy Nursing Philosophy : My Philosophy Of Nursing Practice1074 Words   |  5 Pages as well as through engaging in research to generate new knowledge which sustains nursing as a profession. Learning plan Career development is recognised as the realisation of personal goals and interests in one’s career (Kuijpers, Schyns Scheerens 2006). Thus, planning for my career direction, setting goals and knowing myself are critical for a successful career development. My career direction is set to be a clinical research nurse. Through Strength, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats (SWOT)Read MoreBiography Of Tricia Monet, 23, From An Illinois City Near St. Louis Essay1078 Words   |  5 Pagescurrent firm has structure, organization, and â€Å"neatness† but lacks her need for people interaction. It is this desire that draws her to apply for an assistant director position for a company called Personal Reflections, which is a national chain of personal care and household products. Personal Reflections district manager hires Tricia just hours after her interview; company’s policy prohibits store directors involvement during this process. Tricia received two weeks of training and assigned under HeatherRead MorePERSONAL ND PROFESSIONAL DEVELOPMENT Essays1351 Words   |  6 Pagesï » ¿ Lesson Plan – 2 PERSONAL AND PROFESSIONAL DEVELOPMENT Unit Title: Personal and Professional Development Topic: Personal Swot Analysis Week 2 Time: Variable Duration: 5 Hours Lecturers: Module Leader: Joy Meme Venue: Variable No of students: Variable Lesson Objectives: 1.Understanding of the use and concept of a Personal SWOT Analysis 2.Completion of a Personal SWOT Analysis 3.Reading and discussion of the article-â€Å"How to LeadRead MoreThe Development Of A Pdp917 Words   |  4 PagesA PDP is a tool that clearly indicates identified challenges (learning or development needs) in order of priority. Each competency in the PDP assessment informs specific outcomes with the help of this tool (Francis et al., 2014). I can easily monitor my progress towards my progress towards my set goals using the high competencies of my personal and professional skills to improve my areas of opportunities. My PDP shown in table 1, highlights my competencies that needs to be achieved by July 2016.Read MoreIntroduction to Personal Development in Health and Social Care or Children S and Young Peoples Settings1470 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction to Personal Development in Health, Social Care or Children’s and Young People’s settings. 1.1.Describe the duties and responsibilities of own role. My current job role is as a care assistant. When I started this job management gave me a clear guidance and what is expected from me. They described the duties and responsibilities of the role to me. A responsibility is something a person is expected to do. I am responsible for providing support to the service users, which includesRead MoreReflection1650 Words   |  7 PagesIan-Bradley Tancred This essay analyses and describes what reflection is and how it supports your personal and professional learning. It elaborates upon how and why recognizing your strengths and weaknesses are important and how they can enhance lifelong learning. It describes what arguments and assertions are, what the differences are between them and which one is better. Debnath describes reflection as a means of self-examination to learn from knowledge and experiences which will help transformRead MoreEssay on importance of reflective practice1556 Words   |  7 Pageseffectiveness on the practitioners and one of the first people to research reflective Practice was Donald Schon in his book â€Å"The Reflective Practitioner† in 1983. Schon was an influential writer on reflection and had two main ways of identifying reflection and they were reflection in action and reflection on action. â€Å"The practitioner allows himself to experience surprise, puzzlement, or confusion in a situation which he finds uncertain or unique. He reflects on the phenomenon before him, and on the

How to Shoot a Free Throw Free Essays

Shooting free throws can be the easiest way to score points and lead your team to victory, or it can be stressful and embarrassing. Bad free throw shooting can even cost your team the game! The most important way to make free throws is shooting consistently. To obtain consistency, a player must always practice his form. We will write a custom essay sample on How to Shoot a Free Throw or any similar topic only for you Order Now By doing so, the free throw shooter will gain confidence and will see an increase in the number of free throws he can make. The free throw form should be the same form used for shooting jump shots. 1. First, Position your feet shoulder-width apart. The main foot should be positioned right behind the free throw line, while the other foot is positioned a couple of inches behind the free throw line. The main foot matches your handedness. If you are right-handed, then your right foot will be dominant at the free throw line. 2. Secondly, your legs should be slightly bent at the knee. 3. Thirdly, your dominant hand should be used to cradle the ball from underneath, with the other hand positioned on the side of the basketball for guidance and stability. 4. Fourthly, the ball should be positioned at about chest height, beneath the chin. 5. Fifthly, your dominant arm should form a C shape, with the ball perched atop the hand. 6. Next, the release motion should be smooth, as jerkiness will lead to inconsistent delivery from shot to shot. Your goal is to have the same movement every time you shoot a free throw. The release should flow from underneath the chin upwards and outwards. 7. Also, the wrist of your hand supporting the basketball should be snapped forward, applying backspin to the basketball as it is released. This should look as if the shooter is reaching above and in front of her head to steal cookies out of a cookie jar. 8. Finally, the shooter should find a routine that is comfortable for he/she and practice that routine so that it becomes second-nature. Only then can he/she obtain consistent success from the free-throw line. Remember that this is a classic free throw form. If your form is different, yet you can make a shot without difficulty and yield success each time, remember the old saying: if it isn’t broke, don’t fix it! Good luck and remember to practice! How to cite How to Shoot a Free Throw, Essay examples

Toyota Motors Corporation Business Environment

Question: Discuss about theToyota Motors Corporation Business Environment. Answer: Introduction Toyota Motors Corporation is a multinational company manufacturing automobiles. The company has it headquarters in Japan. The company produces automobiles for the world market with subsidiaries and business unit spread in various part of the world. Toyota Motors is a leading brand in the automobile industry for the past over 75years. The company has a strong brand in the market that has been established over the years (TOYOTA, 2016). As the company grows and seeks stability, is faced with both micro and macro environments factors. These factors determine how effective the company is able to operate to meet it organizational goals (Abdin, 2013). The micro environment factors exist within the organization and are easily manageable. The company is able use the internal mechanism to influence action and attain desirable outcome. The macro environment factors are not within the organization and influence the business from outside. The business environment factors are critical and require informed decision by the organizations management to enable the business operations (Warner, 2010). Toyota being a global business is faced by a critical business environment that presents both opportunities and threats to it operations. Therefore, it important for the organization to understand the external business environment regularly to keep growing, stable and dominating the automobile market. This paper identifies the economic, political, technological and social cultural environment that Toyota Motors operate in as well as the critical issues that influence the effectiveness of decisions carried by the business. The paper also interprets from a strategic perspective the implication of the business decisions made in the key business activities. Company Context The company was started in 1937 by Toyoda in Japan. It headquartered in Toyota. The company is publically traded with key owners being Toyota Industries, Nippon Life and Denso. The company is chief executive officer is Akio Toyoda. The corporation has three divisions and 547 subsidies throughout the World. It has 346,219employees who operate in different part of the world (TOYOTA, 2016). Toyota Global has a vision of producing products that are innovative, high quality and have respect to the environment. This is to be attained through production of reliable cars and sustainable development to the communities by enriching lives in the world through safest products (TOYOTA, 2016). Business Environment Political Environment This refers to the factors that relates to governments of globe. Different countries and regions have different regulations that govern businesses. Political environment is composed of the political stability, trade agreements, government supports and product legislations (Blair and Hitchcock, 2001). All these factors affect the Toyota global operations and the company has to incorporate them in decision making. These factors determine the markets to supply, when to supply, standards and shapes future products of the company. Political stability in the global market presents the company with an opportunity to supply more. It enables market growth of the company. On the other side, the political instability threatens the companys growth and dominance. Free trade agreements established by government present an opportunity to the company. For instance, the continued trade agreement by Japan and other countries favours the growth of the company. When government supports innovations especially in the automobile industry, they enable the company to advance and produce better products. Government investments on eco-friendly automobiles gives Toyota motors an advantage by enabling the company produce environment friendly products that meet the world environment expectations. From a strategic perspective, favorable political environmental factors present an opportunity to the company to produce more and grow markets in the global market. Unfavorable political environmental factors threatens the business operations and therefore the management should make informed decisions to utilize opportunities and minimize pitfalls of threats Economic Environment This refers to economic performance of the global economics. The economic trends of the globe influence companys performance in terms of sales and returns. Economic environment is composed of exchange rates, inflation, income, unemployment rate, access to credit and globalization of the economy (Hamilton and Webster, 2009). These factors influence how the Toyota Motors price it products and investment to different products. A change in the Yen in respect to US Dollar necessitates a change in decision by the Toyota Company. Depreciating of the Yen in respect to US Dollar presents an opportunity for Toyota Company to sell more in the global market. General growth of the world economy presents an opportunity for growth of the Toyota Corporation. When consumers disposable increase their purchasing power increase and they are able to buy more of companys products. When the economy is at boom, the company enjoys massive sells and predict to this tend enables the company to make a decision to produce more to cater for increased demand. For instance the company produced more than 10 million cars in 2012 to become the first Company to produce such many cars in a year. Favorable economic environment provides the Company with an opportunity for expansion. A good forecast of the global economy will enable the company to make informed decisions on the amount of automobiles to produce. While us the recession of the global company enables the company to formulate strategies to survive to avoid collapse of the business. For instance, Toyota Motors was able to survive the 2009 economic recession while other companies in the industry suffered threats to collapse. Technological Environment Toyota Motors Corporation being in a technological driven industry becomes a critical factor to consider when making decisions. Technological environment is made up of the competitors technologies, new trend in the industry, safety technologies, e-commerce and new ideas from government and learning institutions. Technological environment influences the new trends in the market. They shift consumers preferences (Worthington and Britton, 2006). New technologies disrupt the existing technologies making it absolute. Safety technologies necessitate quick adoption by the company to keep and attract potentials customers. E-commerce provides an avenue and new form of doing business online. This technology has widened the market for Toyota Company by enabling more customer reach. The competitors technology shapes the new modification of the companys automobile. It enables the company to do timing of it new inventions and innovations in order to compete effectively in the market. New ideas from government and learning institutions provide platforms to enhance efficiency in the industry. They project the future and enable the business to make informed decisions for the companys success in the future. New technologies present opportunities for the Company to produce more and reach new customers. Adapting technological advancements enables the company to take advantage of the booming market. Therefore it critical for Toyota Motors Company to strategically analyze technological factors to avoid market/product failure as it grows across the world Social-Cultural Environment This refers to change in peoples way of life that influence change in the business operations. It includes population growth, education, lifestyle, attitude change and wealth patterns in the society. Increasing population represent an increase in demand for automobiles (Hamilton and Webster, 2009). More individuals will require vehicles therefore an opportunity for Toyota Company. A change in lifestyle is demanding for hybrid cars. Customers are in need of classic and good models to fit their lifestyle. A change in attitude to be more environmental conscious is increasing demand for electric cars. This is necessitating the company to start producing more electric cars to satisfy this growing demand. The negative impact that is occurring to the globe society of wealth gap widening is likely for affect the sales of Toyota. This is because the company depends mostly on middle class society as their major target group. Both change in lifestyle and attitude present an opportunity to the company to produce more products that satisfy their need. Widening gap of wealth in the global society threatens the business operations of Toyota Company since the middle class are the main customers. Therefore it important for Toyota managers to make informed decisions incorporating these social cultural factors to ensure the stability and growth of the company. Conclusion From the discussion above, it can be seen that the company has no control over the external business environment. These business environment factors occur independently and affect the current and future operations of the company. Understanding the business environment enables an organization to prepare and be able to cope with the situation by utilizing an opportunity or minimizing the effects of a threat. The implication of the external environment cannot be assumed for it can lead to market failure and invalid projections/forecasts for the company. The company should take every business environment factor and formulate a strategy to overcome it. Therefore, we can summarize that analyzing the business environment is an important part of the companys management to making informed decisions that are crucial for business growth and stability. References Abdin, J. (2013). Influential Factors of International Business and International Business Environment in Bangladesh. SSRN Electronic Journal. Blair, A. and Hitchcock, D. (2001). Environment and business. London: Routledge. Ferguson, E. (2015). Toyota Pestel/Pestle Analysis Recommendations - Panmore Institute. [online] Panmore Institute. Available at: https://panmore.com/toyota-pestel-pestle-analysis-recommendations [Accessed 25 Oct. 2016]. Hamilton, L. and Webster, P. (2009). The international business environment. New York: Oxford University Press. Kaplan, K. (2008). Toyota motors ahead. Nature, 456(7221), pp.542-542. Kinra, A. and Kotzab, H. (2008). Understanding And Measuring Macro-Institutional Complexity Of Logistics Systems Environment. Journal of Business Logistics, 29(1), pp.327-346. Lansiluoto, A. (2007). Suitability of self-organising maps for analysing a macro-environment an empirical field survey. IJBIS, 2(2), p.149. Mindtools.com. (2016). PEST Analysis: Identifying Big Picture Opportunities and Threats. [online] Available at: https://www.mindtools.com/pages/article/newTMC_09.htm [Accessed 25 Oct. 2016]. TOYOTA, C. (2016). Toyota Global Site | Company Profile. [online] Toyota Motor Corporation Global Website. Available at: https://www.toyota-global.com/company/profile/ [Accessed 25 Oct. 2016]. Van Wormer, K., Besthorn, F. and Keefe, T. (2007). Human behavior and the social environment, macro level. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Warner, A. (2010). Strategic analysis and choice. New York: Business Expert Press. Worthington, I. and Britton, C. (2006). The business environment. Harlow: Financial Times Prentice Hall.

The Enron and Worldcom Scandals Essay Example

The Enron and Worldcom Scandals Paper E. Boos – Week 2 – Assignment February 17, 2013 The Enron and WoldCom Scandals ENRON 1. The segment of Enron’s operations that got them into difficulties had several parts. They published misleading financial reports. They could not meet their bridge financing commitment with Barclay Bank because outside investors were not found. Because of this, they restated activities of JEDI and Chewco SPEs so they could be retroactively consolidated into Enron’s accounts. The SPEs helped to hide the inaccurate accounting records. Enron’s legal department wrote contracts that helped provide a cover for misuse of funds regarding the SPEs. Future revenue was reported as current revenue. Stocks were paid with promissory notes instead of cash. They also engaged in off-the-books activities and excessive executive compensation. Enron’s board of directors allowed the executives, accountants and legal department to use Special Purpose Entities (SPEs), a type of partnership, in an attempt to camouflage their debt and create a facade of financial stability (Brooks, 2007). 3. Enron’s directors understood how profits were made. They also knew management’s activities were dishonest. Andrew Fastow was active in forming the SPE partnerships and his affiliation with LJM2 was a conflict of interest. When Enron began experiencing financial problems in October 2001, the board of directors began holding special meetings. They were paid with cash, restricted stock, phantom stock units and stock options. The Senate Subcommittee Report, dated July 8, 2002, found that the Enron board of directors was aware that employees participated in management of the SPEs which was a conflict of interest. We will write a custom essay sample on The Enron and Worldcom Scandals specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on The Enron and Worldcom Scandals specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on The Enron and Worldcom Scandals specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer The directors ignored the inaccurate accounting, extensive unrecorded activities and excessive executive compensation. The Senate report discovered that the board of directors knew of financial activities between Enron and some of the board’s members. The board permitted consulting services, internal audits, and external audits to be performed by the same company, namely, Arthur Andersen (Brooks, 2007). 5. Ken Lay was chairperson of the board. He reassumed the position of CEO after Skilling resigned. As CEO he oversaw all of Enron’s activities. Lay and Whaley directed Causey to sell the Raptor SPEs. The sale price of was privately negotiated between Fastor, on behalf of Enron, and Kopper on behalf of LJM2. Lay did not interfere when Arthur Andersen directed Enron to record the buyout excess money as income. He knowingly allowed fraudulent activities and false information to be included in the financial reports. This was unethical. The Powers Report identifies seven questionable accounting issues concerning the sale of the Raptors (Brooks, 2007). 6. The board of directors did not insist that full disclosure of Enron’s earning be made available to the public and the shareholders. They allowed inaccurate reports to be published. Since they did not challenge management involvement in fraudulent activities, this meant the shareholders interests were not protected (Brooks, 2007). 9. Conflict of interest concerning SPE activities occurred because Enron employees were active in managing certain SPEs. Losses were not reported in end of year reports to offset other nonprofitable dealings. Arthur Andersen did not report all of the earnings and helped Enron cover up losses. When Andrew Fastow, wanted to manage the SPE, Chewco, he was advised by Jeffrey Skilling who was on the board of directors, that he should not manage Chewco because it would be a conflict of interest. Instead, Fastow appointed Michael Kopper who worked for him at Enron, to manage Chewco (Brooks, 2007). WORLDCOM 1. To inflate their profit in the current period, WorldCom created overstatements of cash flow and income by inaccurately reporting line costs. Line costs were a major expense to WorldCom. They were payments WorldCom made to third party telecommunicator network providers for the right to access their networks. These costs should have been shown as an expense rather than appearing on the income statement (Brooks, 2007). 2. WorldCom’s board of directors could have prevented the manipulation of revenue that management used if they had not been intimidated by Bernie Ebbers. They allowed themselves to be intimidated by Bernie Ebbers when he did not want their questions answered or give them more definitive explanations. Eventually, they demanded Bernie Ebber’s resignation and he resigned. The board of directors scheduled periodic meetings with WorldCom. The directors should have been more involved and familiar with WorldCom’s activities and efforts to manipulate expenses and decreased income (Brooks, 2007). 4. Bernie Ebbers was the CEO of WorldCom, the CFO was Scott Sullivan and David Myers was the Controller. Prior to working for WorldCom they had worked for Arthur Andersen. Arthur Andersen was the auditor for WorldCom. That is why the accountants did not say or do anything to prevent Ebbers’ manipulation of WorldCom’s financial reports (Brooks, 2007). . Ebbers received $408. 2 million dollars as a loan to buy WorldCom stock or for margin calls as the stock price fell. Instead of using the money for the purpose he received it, he used it to buy a cattle ranch in Canada, build a new home, pay for personal expenses of a family member, and provide loans to family and friends (Brooks, 2007). Reference: Brooks, L. J. (2007). Business professional eth ics for directors, executives, accountants (4th ed. ). Retrieved from The University of Phoenix eBook Collection database.

Self-Concept essays

Self-Concept essays One of the most important concepts in psychology today is the concept of "self." The definition for self-concept is the idea or mental image you have of yourself and your strengths, weaknesses, status, etc. If you have ever been told to "just be yourself," that is referring to your very own self-concept. In general there are three different stages of "self." These three are self-image, ideal self, and the social self. Self-image is the idea, conception, or mental image you have of yourself. If you have a poor self-image, then most likely your self esteem will be poor. This is highly affected by the norms of society. Most people don't really want to stick out, so they try to blend in with the crowd by observation of others. Ideal self is our image of ourselves, as we blieve we should be. It can really be related to Freud's concept of super ego. It is everything you want to be and want to accomplish. Some people's vision of their ideal self is set to high and they fail. They then should decide to double their efforts or they should modify it to be more practical. The social self is the way we see ourselves in social situations. Different roles and situations have different affects on the way we act. If we are placed in a new experience some people may be nervous, while others may feel excited. Our sense of social self is changed over time by various factors such as upbringing, relationships, culture, etc. ...

5 Steps to Turning Your Professional Goals Into Realities

5 Steps to Turning Your Professional Goals Into Realities When in pursuit of major goals, it can be very easy to get bogged down in set-backs, failed attempts, and obstacles. Having a big goal as your only end game can be extremely daunting, and can often lead to giving up. Here are 5Â  strategies for rethinking how we outline our professional goals to achieve success more quickly–without quite so much anxiety.1. Make a perspective shiftWhen Thomas Edison said he came up with 10,000 ways how not to invent the light bulb, he didn’t classify himself as a failure times 10,000. He didn’t even view these 10,000 attempts as failures; they were merely ways of ruling out the wrong strategies. The moral here is to turn your failures into stepping stones toward your success. Reframe your minor stumbling blocks into paths forward, and keep your eye on the prize.2. Sweat the small stuffAnd by sweat we mean celebrate. In going after the big goals, it’s important to keep in mind that a certain amount of patience is required. These things don’t happen overnight. Rather than slog for years to get that big brass ring, why not take a little time out to celebrate the smaller victories along the way? The added boost can build up valuable momentum and can actually help you reach your end goals in better time.3. Experience and show gratitudeThe same goes for being grateful and appreciative of what we have achieved so far. It isn’t all or nothing. It’s important to stay humble and also to realize how much more we may have achieved or realized in our careers than others who never get the chance. It’s not all about the big goal. It’s important to appreciate the milestones along the way and show a little gratitude.4. Set yourself up for successIt’s often the small, regular habits and routines that train our brains and work ethics to keep striving for success and moving forward. Make sure you’re building these habits into your workdays and goals lists. Good habits are just as hard to break!5. Be in the presentIt’s important to keep your eye on the future in setting your goals. But it’s also crucial not to lose track of the present moment. Don’t take anything for granted. Don’t disregard any project because it seems insignificant compared to your ideal finale. Realize that it’s the combination of your efforts over the years that will make your success achievable.Remember: Don’t put too much pressure on yourself. Break your larger goals down into smaller, more manageable ones- and don’t forget to celebrate when you achieve them. Reward yourself; it will keep you going! Track your progress along the way towards your ultimate end goal. But do remember to keep things in the proper perspective. If you do all this, success will be within your reach, and the journey towards it will be much more enjoyable.

Supreme Court Case Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Supreme Court Case - Research Paper Example The administrative action taken in this case, which consisted of five steps, is described, after which a stand is made that the court’s action had no effect on any perceived arbitrariness in the administrative agency’s decision. This writer’s opinion was rendered on the appropriateness of the court’s decision, and foreseen future implications on administrative actions are briefly described. On the case of Goldberg v Kelly 1. Offer a brief summary/historical overview of the circumstances in the case, the stakeholders, and the outcome sought by the plaintiff. In this case, the appellants were New York state officials and the Commissioner of Social Services, New York City. The appellees are New York City residents who were receiving financial aid under federally supported Aid to Families with Dependent Children program, and the general Home Relief program of New York State (397 U.S. 256). Plaintiff-appellees allege that their benefits either have been or were about to be terminated by officials without prior notice and hearing. They claim in effect, denial of their constitutional right to be afforded the due process of law, for which they sought the restoration of their welfare benefits pending results of evidentiary hearing where they could present their case (397 U.S. 256-257). Upon conclusion of the administrative procedure and remedies during which time plaintiffs’ welfare benefits were terminated, action was brought by the aggrieved party in the District Court for the Southern District of New York. Defendants argued that pursuant to regulation, a pre-termination review was conducted at the end of which it was decided that termination of benefits was warranted. At this juncture, the benefits were halted, although plaintiffs were afforded the option of requesting for a post-termination â€Å"fair hearing† during which they may appear personally before the decision-maker, adduce their evidence and confront and cross-exam ine the witnesses against them. The rationale behind the discontinuance of welfare benefits after the administrative review and summary adjudication prior to the â€Å"fair hearing† was purportedly to protect the interests of the New York taxpayer, in case the hearing finds the discontinuance to be meritorious (397 U.S. 265). The district court ruled in favor of plaintiffs, that in light of the constitutional mandate, a pre-termination evidentiary hearing is required in order to satisfy the due process requisite under the law (397 U.S. 256-257). The District Court rejected the argument by welfare officials that their conduct of a post-termination â€Å"fair hearing† as well as an informal pre-termination review had adequately complied with the law. The decision of the District Court was withheld on appeal. 2. Explain how the case qualified for judicial review in regards to the ripeness, standing, the exhaustion of administrative remedies, and primary jurisdiction as th ey apply. The doctrine of ripeness is concerned with whether at the time a judicial action is brought, the facts have sufficiently developed such that the injury has occurred or is likely to occur, instead of being remote or contingent. A claim is ripe if the injury upon

Criminal Justice Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 4

Criminal Justice - Assignment Example This specific crime prevention strategy consists of dissuading potential criminal offenders, with regard to specific targets. The basis of this strategy is that denial of access to a target prevents crime. Examples of this tactic are security guards and home security systems. A would be offender, on encountering these systems, would hopefully perceive that the risk of apprehension would far outweigh any potential benefit. However, this strategy could result in a displacement of crime (Siegel & Welsh 79). These measures endeavor to familiarize delinquents with the dire consequences that await criminal behavior. The rational criminal will be significantly deterred by the fear of punishment, and the realization that criminal activity could prove to be a costly affair. These strategies entail, aggressive policing, and compulsory sentencing. The difficulties envisaged by this group of strategies are that the offender may not fear punishment and the fact that the risk of being apprehended and punished is not very great (Siegel & Welsh 79). This strategy involves the adoption of draconian measures. For instance, an offender will be punished with great severity; and this will be of such harshness that these criminals would not recidivate. This entails incarceration in detention centers or maximum security prisons. This strategy was on occasion, seen to increase rather than decrease future delinquency (Siegel & Welsh 79). Another strategy to reduce crime, especially among the criminals who invariably recidivate, is to ensure that they do not obtain an opportunity to engage in crime. It can be achieved by imposing prison sentences that run for very long periods; and by incarcerating a much larger number of criminals. The difficulty involved with this strategy is that even non – dangerous offenders will be imprisoned for very long periods;

Short Story - Suicidal Tendencies Essay Example for Free

Short Story Suicidal Tendencies Essay Jamie stepped into the betting office and instantly a warm blast of hot air hit him and the stink of unwashed bodies and cheap deodorant overpowered his nose so that was all he could smell. He made his way through the smoky haze of cigarette smoke towards the betting counter carefully moving round the leather sofas and chairs and trying not to step in any chewing gum or a half eaten chocolate bar. The guy at the desk looked up at him through the glass and asked, Can I help you sir? Id like to place a bet please he stated. Name please the man at the counter asked and as Jamie replied he tapped it into his database Were sorry but were afraid weve found a problem he whispered quietly What kind of problem? Jamie asked nervously Perhaps youd like to come round he said, opening the door to his left as he spoke and ushered Jamie into the managers office. As the door closed behind him, Jamie took in his surroundings; he was in a large office with a 32-inch plasma screen at one end, a comfortable looking sofa on the wall and a desk with a new computer on it. A man was sitting behind the desk. A middle aged, harassed looking man. He started to speak softly and indicated to Jamie to take a seat on the sofa. Were sorry but based on your credit report, we cant allow you to make any more bets as youre almost in debt But.. please!! Come on youve got to let me get Jamie said, his voice gradually getting louder. Sorry, I wish there was something we could do.. but we cant, sorry I HATE YOU, I WISH YOU WERE DEAD!!! Jamie screamed at the manager, he jumped up and knocked a picture of the wall with his hand then stormed out of the office, knocking over chairs and pushing a 60 year old man over. He felt betrayed and wished his life would end, that was when he decided to commit suicide because he hated life. The manager came out of the betting shop and said to him If you can find i 10 we can allow you bet again as your credit limit will be raised Jamie calmed down then and went of for a walk. Throughout the rest of the day he tried everywhere to get i 10 so he could be allowed to bet again, as it was his passion, he was an addict. Towards the end of the day, Jamie got increasingly frustrated about not being able to find i 10. Eventually he was so angry that he wanted to commit suicide so he went up to the top of a 10 storey car park and as he stood, toes pointing over the edge, poised to jump, he started to come round and decided to back out as he decided he could find the money by other means but then he remembered, the embarrassment he felt in the office and jumped.jumped of the edge. As he hit the ground with a sickening crunch and broke both his legs, blood started to pour out his shirt he saw, next to him, a i 10 note. Show preview only The above preview is unformatted text This student written piece of work is one of many that can be found in our GCSE Miscellaneous section.

Julius Caesar, Death of a Salesman, and Oedipus Rex :: comparison compare contrast essays

Julius Caesar, Death of a Salesman, and Oedipus Rex Meet the Criteria of a Tragedy      Ã‚  Ã‚   To be considered a classic tragedy, a story should follow the principles presented by Aristotle in his work, Poetics. A tragedy, in Aristotle's view, concerns the destruction of a person of high social status and strong character. The tragic fall of the individual is brought about by a tragic flaw.   Arthur Miller expanded upon the classical definition of a tragedy to include not only those of high social status but also the common man.   Using the criteria established by Aristotle and Miller, the plays Julius Caesar, Death of a Salesman, and Oedipus Rex may be considered as tragedies.      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Although the title of the play, Julius Caesar, focuses on Caesar, the play itself is really based on Brutus. "Brutus had rather be a villager than to repute himself a son of Rome."(Shakespeare 172).   This was said by Brutus after Cassius told him how Caesar had become a towering figure over Rome and how Caesar controls Rome. Notice the good in Brutus, and the extremes he will go to in order to protect democracy in Rome even if it means killing the one he loves, Caesar.   Brutus possesses one of the most tragic flaws.   He is too nice of a person and therefore he gets taken advantage of.   He lets Cassius persuade him into killing Caesar for the good of Rome.   Because he does for others more than himself he makes a fatal mistake, he lets Antony live. Brutus says to the conspirators, "For Antony is but a limb of Caesar"(Shakespeare 165) meaning that if Caesar is killed Antony will die off too. Brutus clearly does not regard Anton y as being a threat, but little does Brutus know that Antony will stir up the town to seek revenge after the assassination of Caesar. This mistake will cost him his own life.   When he dies he becomes a prime example of tragedy because not only did he bring about his own death he dies by his own hand.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In Death of a Salesman, Willy Lowman's tragic flaw is that he is a dreamer who is unable to face the realities of a modern day society.   Willy builds his whole life around the philosophy that if a person is well liked and good looking then he will be successful.   Willy says to Biff, "I thank Almighty God that you are both are built like Adonises.

Marketing motorola cellphones in china

China was known to be the leading civilization for so many centuries. It has surpassed the rest of the world in the arts and sciences.   However, the country was weighed down by civil turbulence. The country underwent significant food crises, military defeats and foreign occupation in the 19th and early 20th centuries (Morton, Lewis, & Lewis 243). With one of the world’s longest era of continuous civilization, it also underwent repeated divisions and reunifications in the midst of sporadic periods of peace and war, as well as imperial dynastic modifications and successive incursions from outside. As Chinese economy expands and broadens its horizons, customer preferences and behaviors will inevitably change. International brands have captured the interest of the young generation. Brands loyalties are observed to be weak. The price, look, and quality considerations are still the strongest motivators of purchase. The remarkable fact is that the Chinese market for domestic and foreign companies is growing internally and externally. China is considered to be the world’s biggest consumer market and this presents significant opportunities to international and local business entrepreneurs. Family and Values in China The family is the most significant social and economic unit of society among the people in China. Members of a Chinese family are highly interdependent. Chinese traditional family life is composed of strong family unit ruled by the father and husband. However, as the people become modern, changes have occurred in the family make-up. The father is still the strong family leader and decision-maker but he no longer exerts absolute control over the children unlike in the past. However modernized the Chinese people currently are the traditional values of family importance and reputation still remain within the families. Today, the Chinese live in smaller family units In numerous families, grandparents typically tend the house and children during the day, and more and more children attend nursery school so that mothers could go to work (â€Å"Chinese Culture: Role of Family,† np). Chinese family is still closely knitted. Religion plays a vital role in defining the roles and responsibilities of family members (Overmyer 11). Regardless of the ideological transformations in the Cultural Revolution and more modern market orientation, Confucianism nevertheless has a fervent cultural impact upon Chinese family. Caution should be taken to make sure that religious beliefs are not disregarded when doing business in China. It is also essential to note that the Chinese culture emphasizes loyalty to family and devotion to traditions and puts less emphasis on individual feelings. Status of Mobile Phone Demands in China In the official website of China Daily a report states that there are 416 million mobile phone subscribers in China as of April 2006 (Xinhua, np). In fact, mobile phone users are twice higher than fixed-line users. Numerous international and local cellular phone companies are currently in the China market but the increasing demand for mobile phones and the continuous upgrading of new cellular phone models give a very promising future for Motorola Inc. News.com reported that the growing trend for cellular phone consumers in China is leaning towards fancy phones (Kanellos, np). Major cellular phone companies are now manufacturing mobile phones decorated with diamonds, gold, and silver. Short messaging or SMS is also one of the growing trends in the utilization of cellular phone in the China market. With the present population of 1.27 billion, Chinese businesses are definitely there to make money. On the other hand, Chinese buyers are there to satisfy their needs. Entrepreneurs are searching for profit and Chinese consumers are searching for value. China is an enormous group of many markets. Many cities in China are big that market segments within them exist as economically feasible units. There also exists a diversified consumer. Consumption priorities, for instance food and clothing, show significant disparity. This could be attributed to sub-cultural influences and varied income levels. It is essential to determine the differences and commonalities among Chinese people to succeed in marketing mobile phones in the country. Chinese are commonly cautious in their business relationships. Thus, diversity and commonality must be managed in China to be successful. Recommendations To maximize the full potential of Motorola Inc. the regional center should be situated in China’s most urbanized city, which is Hong Kong. In addition to the Chinese, Motorola’s consumer will be more diversified due to the numerous tourists who visit Hong Kong every year. Several stores will be set up in the malls with customer service centers to reach target customers effectively. As written earlier, family values are very high in China, thus the main target market will be the Chinese family. To encourage the Chinese family, promotions such as print ads and TV commercials will be focused on family connections and how a mobile phone such as Motorola could enhance family closeness. In marketing mobile phones in China, it is essential to stress the benefits of cellular phones to the modern Chinese family. Since there is a growing number of both parents working in a household, having cellular phones in the house and with the working parents are important. Connecting families with their other relatives through regular cell phone calls must also be stressed, especially when special occasions arise. It is also recommended that the cellphones be manufactured locally since labor and supplies are relatively cheaper in China. Summary and Conclusion China is a perfect place for Motorola to do business, particularly Hong Kong since it is the most urbanized city in China. Chinese consumers are greatly influenced by social values and the social environment. The increasing demand for international products is good news for Motorola Inc. To be able to tap the Chinese market, it is essential to include the importance of family and how Motorola cellphones could help strengthen the family ties. The strategy is to put up stores in all the malls in Hong Kong and provide customer service sections in each store to increase brand loyalty. Print ads and TV commercials will also be utilized to promote Motorola. Promotions will always include the importance of family ties to entice customers from parents to their children. Demand for cellphones are growing in China, thus it is due time that Motorola venture its business in China to increase global market share. In conclusion, the market environment in China poses a very promising opportunity for Motorola cellphones. The market opportunity in China requires resource investment, capability building, and effective marketing strategies. Furthermore, it requires an effective and appropriate culture and mindset. As a foreign business entrepreneur, Motorola must be able to build a genuine â€Å"China-customer mindset† to increase the speed of its business. Works Cited â€Å"Chinese Culture: Role of Family.† Birmingham City Council. 26 January 2005. 7 January 2008. Kanellos, Michael. â€Å"Legend Jumping into Cell Phones.† News.com. 3 June 2002. 7 January 2008 . Morton, W. Scott, Charlton M. Lewis and Charlton Lewis. China: Its History and Culture (4th editon). USA: McGraw Hill, 2005. Overmyer, Daniel L. Religions of China:The World as a Living System. Illinois: Waveland Press, Inc., 1986. Xinhua, Y. â€Å"China’s mobile phone users top 416m.† China Daily. 22 May 2006. 7 January 2008 .               

How did WWII change America and the World Essay

The World War II remains the bloodiest and deadliest crisis in world history. It involved the best ever battle lines, enormous armed forces, along with the most destructive weapons in the history of the world (Martel 245). The worldwide disagreement that was regarded as or labelled World War II emanated from the 1930s great depression, a turmoil that undermined, destabilized and weakened economies, governments’ and nations around the world. For instance, in Germany, the rise of Hitler occurred partially because he alleged to be capable of transforming a destabilized Germany by then to an autonomous economic and military power that could control its destiny not only in Europe, but in the entire world as well (Martel 240). This paper therefore explores how this global conflict (WWII) changed America and the entire world. For the US, World War II constituted the most significant fiscal event of the 20th century (Higgs 53). The war’s consequences on the United States were diverse and far-reaching. It indomitably ended the great depression, and the US federal government came out from the war as a possible economic actor, capable of regulating fiscal activity and to partly control the world economy via spending and consumption. What’s more, the wartime economic explosion spurred and promoted a number of social trends. First was the job creation that paralleled the growth of industrial production, in so doing, attained what Roosevelt’s New Deal programs had been incapable to achieve (Rindfuss, Morgan & Swicegood 86). According to Higgs (58), in 1940, there were more than eight million unemployed Americans. However, by 1941, unemployment became a thing of the past. There were in fact labour shortages in numerous industries. Consequently, federal inspectors did ignore laws deterring employment of women and children (Martel 250). With little or no public outcry, several high school dropouts escalated substantially. Also, several women were absorbed in the workforce to assist make implements and munitions of war. These women were later nicknamed ‘Rosie the Riveter’ and were pivotal part of the US success in war (Martel 251). Additionally, the WWII revitalized American industries, and a lot of sectors were by the end of the war (1945) either brusquely oriented to defence production (for instance, electronics and aerospace) or entirely dependent on atomic energy (Rindfuss, Morgan & Swicegood 82). The organised labour unions were as well strengthened far beyond the depression period and became a key counter-balance to both private and government industry. Given the fact that novel employment took place in unionized workplaces, plus industries funded by the American government, the continuance of membership decision during World War II was a magnificent advantage for organized labour (Rindfuss, Morgan & Swicegood 84). As a result, organized labour increased from ten million in 1941 to approximately fifteen million by 1945. Also, about thirty six percent of the work-force in non-agricultural sector was unionized, recording the highest percentage ever in American history. Similarly, the war’s speedy technological and scientific changes continued and deepened trends commenced during the great depression and shaped lasting anticipation of continued novelty on the part of several engineers, citizens and government officials. Besides, the significant increases in individual income as well as quality of life throughout the war resulted in a number of Americans foreseeing permanent improvements to their material needs (Rindfuss, Morgan & Swicegood 85). That said, the World War II brought to an end the godless Nazi regime plus their murder machine. It as well wrecked Japan’s control over Pacific, thereby ushering in the atomic age (Martel 255). Europe that had been under authoritarian Nazi boot became under the Communist boot. Besides, the war led to medicine improvements in the world, particularly in the use of antibiotics. New-fangled forms of occupational and physical therapy to assist returning veterans and wounded soldiers were as well invented and used. What’s more, the work of individuals, such as von Braun in the Second World War greatly transformed world technology, especially rocket technology, which became a major focus during Cold War (Neufeld 164). The dramatic transformations in military technology resulted in changes to operational and tactical skills. Stanovov (1) asserted that all contemporary warfare grew from the concepts which first came from 1939-1945. The actions of pooled units, close relations of dissimilar armed services, the greatly escalated significance of radio-electronic warfare, strategic bombings, psychological and mass information warfare, to mention just some factors. The World War II became in fact total in psychological, technical and informational senses, radically transforming the prerequisites to logistical support. Moreover, it spectacularly changed the balance between small and large economies in the world platform. Whilst previously the disparity between the armed forces of a small and large country was largely quantitative, with WW2 it became qualitative, as a few nations in the world could manage to create fully-fledged nuclear-era armed forces (Stanovov 1). Finally, every great conflict, especially concerning great allies and axis, brings something unique to the art of warfare. But Second World War was outstanding in that respect. The changes in the hardware, equipment, structure and the way military forces were utilized were unique both in their significance and scope. Even WWI that first witnessed major use of war tanks, submarines and planes had never brought to fore such massive change to the world.

Personal Response to Wilfred Owen Essay Example

Personal Response to Wilfred Owen Essay Example Personal Response to Wilfred Owen Essay Personal Response to Wilfred Owen Essay An Idea of the scenery and surroundings Is extra given by Dim, through the misty panes and think green light this Is a use of visual Imagery to aid the reader in an understanding better of what is happening. The 3rd stanza begins to explain about this mans nightmares. He keeps on seeing a certain man, dying within the gas. The man is haunting him in his nightmares. In all my dreams, before my helpless sight, He plunges at me, guttering, choking, drowning. These two nines are on their own in the poem structure. This is because they symbolize thought, the poets personal feelings, it is unique to the poet in the way of how he reacts and how the experience affected him. This experience leaves the soldier to feel guilty because the man in his nightmares is there, plunging at him of help of some kind but he Is unable to do anything. The 4th stanza speaks out to the people whom may think that war Is glorious, those who believe In heroism and also speaks to the reader Like a friend. In directing to that particular audience he also presents further thoughts of is own. He is asking those who think war is glorious if they would still feel the same way if they had seen a man dying inevitably in a gas cloud. And if they were unable to do anything to help. The poet is asking that they do not carry on this belief, of war as a heroic thing, to children of younger generations. Do not make them feel too, that war is great and wonderful in any way. There is contrast here also with the imagery of the man dying in gas and yet others who feel this aspect is glorious. The imagery in Dulcet is stronger than that of Anthem, honorable to die for your country. The old lie: Dulcet et decorum est. Pro patria moor. . Both poems seem to give ideas of war In no way being honorable to fight for your country but rather sinful and many comparisons are made within the poems that would make the reader think of war being something similar to a hell or the likes. In both poems Onomatopoeia and alliteration are made of good use, Owen uses a lot of metaphors and similes to help explain comparisons, he seemed to make a lot of comparisons, a good technique to nave ten reader twinkling AT events Ana occurrences Tanat are unappealing In ten poems. The mood in the poems is very similar, it is basically a depressive, torturous mood, an impression of gloominess is left on the reader as it contradicts usual beliefs about war this shows the poem to be quite rebellious but in its own right. There is no real difference between the poem from the perspective of mood, Anthem tries to explain cruelty in death on the battle ground although this bitter mood calming toward the end and Dulcet that it is not honorable to die for your country, but with the strong use of contrast and imagery this is more so bitter and cruel throughout. The structure of Anthem for Doomed Youth follows a two line rhyming pattern and seems to follow a slow pace which helps in approaching its solemn mood. This also gives a sense of movement that can be followed in the mind of the reader. Dulcet Et Decorum Est is written in a moderate pace, it seems to unfold almost similar to a story as it takes you bit by bit through occurring events. There are lines that seem to end abruptly, stopping Just like that which gives a sense of urgency and following on in the second stanza this technique is used to show a sense of panic. Dulcet seems very thoughtful and the way it unfolds like a story is undoubtedly deliberate to in some way assist the solemn mood of the poem and final message that it is not beautiful to die for your country. The underlying differences between these two poems is Dulcet is much more descriptive, real and violent. There is a strong sense of anger and bitterness throughout Dulcet. One of Wilfred Owens poem is named Anthem for Doomed Youth. An anthem is a religious or patriotic song, something usually sung by a choir. This immediately suggests that the poem is serious, patriotic. The doomed youth mentioned in the title refers to the young generation of men and soldiers whom have signed up to war only to be giving their lives away. The poem focuses on the aspect of Youth dying so in vain. The poem puts forth a question of how the soldiers who are dying will be mourned? For their deaths on the battle field there is no proper funeral service of sorts. No bells to ring them off into heaven. What passing bells for these who die as cattle? There are a number of comments within the poem that would seem to relate o a mourning ritual or funeral ceremony of sorts being the harsh anger of guns and aggressive violence on the battle field. Owen makes good use of Onomatopoeia. Only the cluttering rifles rapid rattle It explains that as they die and pass from the earth all that there is to mourn them and say farewell is the continuing battle between men and use of weaponry. Only the monstrous anger of the guns. References from the poem, things like the guns, are replacing parts of an ordinary funeral service. The guns for example, replacing the bells that would sound at a normal funeral service, he prayers that would ordinarily be heard are replaced by rifles and the choir by wailing shells. The poem is quite bitter and sad through the first part, the sadness can be seen here and bugles calling for them from sad shires this is the last sad sound heard. It refers to the soldiers and the countries that each of them come from, to their regiment. As the poem continues it gives a lasting impression that war is, in fact, not heroic nor brave but rather a cruelty and of a sadistic nature. I think that What candles may be held to speed them all? Is asking in a way, Who or what will give prayer to their spirits after they have died so that they may find rest within nave?. I en poem overall makes war out to De a SSL Ana a Turned Tort all Tanat nave to endure it, it gives an impression of there being no heroes in war and no victory neither and focuses mainly on how they will find peace in their death on the battle ground. The Anthem however is more related to the aftermath of war, more abstract to a point of trailing on thoughts rather than reality, using evocative language. There is a to of poetical devices used to enhance these poems. Repetition, Gas, gas! similes, half-rhymes, fumbling and stumbling. assonance and alliteration. The way in which the language, imagery and contrasting is brought together with more simple phrases and language. The effect of using colloquialisms. quick boys! an ecstasy of fumbling A contrast between the reality of war and peoples real experiences In these two poems, Wilfred Owen describes his dislike for war because of the horrible things he had seen, the friends that he had lost, and the suffering he had went through. These are two of Wilfred Owens most famous poems because he talks about the tragedy that brings in war and he describes it, making these poems anti- war. The war that Wilfred Owen was in, affected his poetry because he met Swanson who helped and edited his poems and also the war was a big thing because his poems would be nothing without the war and the imagery he puts into the poems. The imagery he puts into the poems because he experienced it first hand, it draws the readers in, to show the gruesomeness of war. The poems that Wilfred Owen wrote were affect by war and his friend Swanson.

Causes of Ketamine Addiction

Causes of Ketamine Addiction Psychology of Drug Addictions Stephanie Boaz ABSTRACT Ketamine was first discovered in 1961 but not synthesized until 1962 by a man of the name of Calvin Stevens that worked with Parke Davis Labs ( http://azarius.net/encyclopedia/39/Ketamine ). Stevens discovered Ketamine when searching for a replacement for PCP anesthetics. It was not until 1965 that Ketamine was later used as a relational drug which was discovered by Edward Domino ( http://azarius.net/encyclopedia/39/Ketamine ). Ketamine is considered to be a fast acting, dissociative anesthetic ( http://www.drugs-forum.com/forum/showwiki.php?title=Ketamine ). Ketamine is not like your customary anesthetics it works by blocking the brains activity from the body. Without stimulation the brain’s perceptions increase causing the brain to start a hallucinogenic state of mine also known as the emergence phenomena ( http://www.drugs-forum.com/forum/showwiki.php?title=Ketamine ). Ketamine has the chemical name: 2-(2-chlorophen yl)-2-(methylamino)-cyclohexanone ( http://azarius.net/encylopedia/39/Ketamine ). How Does a Person Get Hooked on Ketamine Ketamine is used in many different ways. It is used an anesthetic on humans it is primarily used on children or the elderly and people of third world countries due to the emergence phenomena ( http://www.drugs-forum.com/forum/showwiki.php?title=Ketamine ). When using Ketamine as a recreational drug is comes in many forms such as powder, tablet, or in a liquid form which are taken orally, anally, snorting, or injected in the muscle or veins. Once administered intramuscularly it takes roughly two minutes to take effect (Julien, Advokat, & Comaty, 2011, pg.530). If snorted it takes about 5-10 minutes to take effect, peak times are different according to the way the drug is administered ( http://www.drugs-forum.com/forum/showwiki.php?title=Ketamine ). With the use of Ketamine it has psychic sensations that may occur such as mood state and body images, floating sens ations, vivid dreams or illusions and the occasional frank delirium ( http://ceaccp.oxfordjournals.org/content/7/2/59.full ). Ketamine is also known as Special K on the streets. It has the similar effects as to what PCP would have on a person. Once the drug is ingested the body can feel the effects for up to 24 hours after ( http://casapalmera.com/uses-symptoms-and-effects-of-ketamine ). Special K is also a drug that is very well known for its use in date rape. This drug is both odorless and has no taste at all. There are many street names for this drug that include: ( http://casapalmera.com/uses-symptoms-and-effects-of-ketamine) . Special K K Super Acid Kit kat Vitamin K Jet Honey oil Purple Cat Valium Ketamine or Special K has many signs and symptoms that accompany the use of this drug which consist of and are not limited to ( http://casapalmera.com/uses-symptoms-and-effects-of-ketamine ): Hallucinations Poor vision Amnesia Strange heart rate patterns Nausea Identity confusion Elevated heart rate Numbness Out of body experiences Delirium Rash Confusion of time Depression Poor coordination Seizures Realistic dreams There are many long term side effects from the use of Ketamine/Special K ( http://casapalmera.com/uses-symptoms-and-effects-of-ketamine ): Permanent memory loss Anxiety Respiratory complication Neuroses Inability to pay attention Poor learning ability Night terrors Mental disorders PTSD Increase in blood pressure Flashbacks Loss of consciousness Depression Insomnia Once Ketamine /Special K is used on a regular basis the drug begins to build up in the person body thus forming a tolerance to the drug. Once this is done it requires that more and more of the drug be utilized in order to feel the high that the person is seeking. Once the drug has been used for a long period of time the effects may take many years to overcome. In order to completely overcome the addiction it requires the use of drug rehabilitation ( http://casapalmera.com/uses-symptoms-and-effects-of-ketamine ).

Growing Trend of Employment-Related Background Essay

Growing Trend of Employment-Related Background - Essay Example Credential fraud consists of an employment candidate falsifying information on the employment application, usually in the form of misrepresented employment history and academics-related credentials. This type of fraud has witnessed the creation of many external agencies which act as third-party investigators and are generally hired as a proactive risk management investment. There is also ample research evidence pointing toward an increased awareness of credential fraud in modern business organizations, promoting human resource officials to promote extensive training to interviewing managers in recognizing potential discrepancies within employment applications. With background checking being established by many organizations in an attempt to combat this fraudulent activity, it is somewhat unexpected that credential fraud continues to rise statistically. This project identifies the potential detriment which is caused by credential fraud, both to the business which experiences increases in similar fraud and to the employee or potential job candidate who knowingly falsifies their credentials. Further, an interview was conducted with the Regional HR Manager at The Home Depot, a major home improvement center with facilities in North America and abroad, to highlight the issues faced by today's human resources departments. Credential fraud is not only a modern problem plaguing businesses, instances of misrepresentation have been experienced since at least the 1970s. Research indicates that fraudulent employment activities involved degree forgery and the use of diploma mills on black markets. These mills offered the creation of official-looking degrees from major universities across the nation, costing, at the time, around $1500.  

Diagnosing A Refractive Error Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3250 words

Diagnosing A Refractive Error - Essay Example Being myopic, you would be able to see better at near, while objects become progressively blurrier with distance. "Hyperopia, the hyperopic eye is deficient in refractive power. The rays from infinity are not refracted enough; thus the point of focus is behind the retina. The eye lacks plus power." (Handbook of Refraction, George E. Garcia, M.D., Pg 23) This is caused either by the cornea being too flatly curved, the axial length of the eye being too short, or a combination of both. 'Astigmatism is a condition in which rays of light are not refracted equally in all meridians. For the purpose of classification, an astigmatic eye is assumed to have two principle meridians that are usually at right angles to each other. (Handbook of Refraction, George E. Garcia, M.D., Pg 35) Astigmatism is caused by the abnormal shape of the eye. Like a football, distorted in shape, being flatter along one meridian and steeper along the other. The clarity of vision would be affected at all distances. If your astigmatism is oriented vertically, there will be selective blurring of vertical lines. "Presbyopia is a normal condition associated with age. ... "Hyperopia, the hyperopic eye is deficient in refractive power. The rays from infinity are not refracted enough; thus the point of focus is behind the retina. The eye lacks plus power." (Handbook of Refraction, George E. Garcia, M.D., Pg 23) This is caused either by the cornea being too flatly curved, the axial length of the eye being too short, or a combination of both. If you were Hyperopic, you would see both distance and near blurred. But the distance is clearer compared to the near objects. 'Astigmatism is a condition in which rays of light are not refracted equally in all meridians. For the purpose of classification, an astigmatic eye is assumed to have two principle meridians that are usually at right angles to each other. (Handbook of Refraction, George E. Garcia, M.D., Pg 35) Astigmatism is caused by the abnormal shape of the eye. Like a football, distorted in shape, being flatter along one meridian and steeper along the other. The clarity of vision would be affected at all distances. If your astigmatism is oriented vertically, there will be selective blurring of vertical lines. "Presbyopia is a normal condition associated with age. Accommodation available falls short of the demand made upon it for the usual reading range. It is due to a physiological decrease in the amplitude of accommodation. Its appearance varies with the individual, particularly his or her occupation and refractive error." (Handbook of Refraction, George E. Garcia, M.D., Pg 78) 2. PROCESS OF REFRACTION The overall process of refraction can be divided into three parts. Part one is called the "starting point." The refractionist collects basic information about the visual conditions of the patient. This includes a technique called static retinoscopy. This determines the refractive

Measles Outbreak in America Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Measles Outbreak in America - Research Paper Example Reasons for Vaccination It is difficult to comprehend why any person would want to halt or slow such progress, but maybe it is due to the misinformation of such individuals that forces people to ignore the effects of non-compliance. For starters, there is no definite treatment for measles. The only things that can be treated are the symptoms that are brought on by measles. During the post-eradication phase of measles, the highest number recorded for measles cases was as low as 37. This is according to the CDC, which was responsible for vaccinating the American public against the spread of the disease. Even the cases that were present had originated from outside the country. Since then, America is now recording its highest number of cases, which was estimated at over 600 cases at the end of the year 2014. In January 2015, over 100 cases were reported. In terms of vaccination, one dose of the MMR vaccine can last an individual a lifetime. It is meant to protect against measles, mumps, and rubella. The use of this vaccine has increased the reduction rate of measles cases by 99%. For a highly contagious disease, this is an incredible number, meaning the eradication of this disease is possible. The aim of vaccination is to elicit certain responses in the immune system, which are often similar to when one is infected with the measles pathogen. In response, the immune system produces antibodies that fight against the disease, which means the individual vaccinated does not build up any severe symptoms.

The Business Plan Of Dates Fruit

The Business Plan Of Dates Fruit Our group of six students from Saudi Arabia is formed in order to sell date fruits at the university. We are going to sell only high quality dates. It is well-known, that dates are grown in the Arabian Peninsula, where farmers have relied on growing exotic fruits. Saudi Arabia has best types of dates in the world. This type we are going to sell. It is remarkable, that the quality of dates in the British markets is poor and the prices are very expensive. So, our aim is to introduce really good product to a customer. In Saudi Arabia 173 million hectares are occupied for pasture. There are fruits and vegetables grown. Also they bred animals there. Conditions of rangeland are not so good. Production potential is very low in some places. Almost 86% of the total accessible water in the region is allocated for agriculture. So, the 22% of the total land area is cultivable. Palm tree is remarkable for its salt-tolerance and heat endurance. The shallow groundwater is extremely important for its successful growth. Age of the date palm can reach a hundred years. Life of the people inhabiting Arabian Peninsula is associated with this palm tree. People demand dates become more and more in the United Kingdom. It seems that if everyone knew about the usefulness of dates, they would have been even more reclaiming. Products Date palm is a typical plant of dry subtropics that gives an edible tasty fruit. One date palm makes over 100 kilograms of nutritious dates a year. Naturally, that for thousands of years emerged around 5000 varieties divided into three main groups dry, semi, and soft. The soft are consumed on the spot with fresh, in a mature state; the fruits of these varieties contain very little sugar. Dry dates, dried in the sun, contain much more sugar and can be stored for very long, it can be said for years. As for the semi those intended for export, they are also dried in the sun. Processed dates are generally more popular than natural dates. There are many types of packaging: bags, tubes, ravier, boxes. The ravier has the leadership. It is well known, that semi dates are the tastiest. Moreover, it is considered, that semi dates favorably affect the brain, increasing its productivity. But our strategy will allow buyers tasting all sorts of dates chose the best one for everyone as well. Dates contain almost all vitamins. It should be noted the high concentration of pantothenic acid. This substance stimulates the production of energy, makes you confident, energetic and able to quickly focus on. Dates have also another, less well-known property: these fruits have mild sedative and hypnotic effects. Dates can also be encouraged to overcome the weakening of the body after a serious illness, overwork, stress. No fruit can be compared with dates, if you want to satisfy your hunger. Dates increase efficiency of the brain and nerve cells. From ancient times, dates were used not only as food but also as a medicine. They contain copper, iron, magnesium, zinc, potassium, phosphorus, sodium, aluminum, cadmium, cobalt, sulfur, boron. Dates can help with anemia. It has a beneficial effect in fatigue and physical fatigue. It helps with colds as well. Ten dates are able to satisfy our daily needs in copper, magnesium and sulfur, and they contain half of the required iron and fourth of the calcium. Dates are a tasty and natural dessert that has a nice flavor. These fruits are absolutely harmless, as well as low-calorie fruits and therefore suitable for people watching their weight. Mission Statement and Objectives Our group members want to run this small business for getting some experience about small business. It will be really good experience for us to make the business plan and to see how it works in real. We realize that it is not so easy for students who only make their first steps in business but we are ready to try. He is lifeless who is faultless. We are sure, that this experience will be our first attempt to arrange small business and to see how much effort it will require. We are not afraid of mistakes. Our mission is to provide high quality date fruits for consumption. The idea behind the business is to sell healthy and valuable fruits to the public for everyone to pay attention on usefulness of dates. A variety of classes provides the possibility to chose. All sorts of date fruits are healthy and become popular in many countries not by chance. Market Overview In his research about the marketing potential of date palm fruits, Pascal Liu says, that Europe is a key market for date exporters. Over half a million tones of dates imported every year in the world. The European Union accounts for 10% of the total with some 50 000 tones. Imports of dates into Europe were comparatively stable from 1990 to 1997: nearly 43 000 tones were imported. In 1998-2000 the rise in imported quantities did not translate into a higher value of imports because of the fall in import prices in 1999-2000. Imports of date fruits into European countries are seasonal. Often they take place at the end of the year (Liu). In Muslim countries traditionally dates are consumed during Ramadan. Most European countries do not produce dates. The exception is Spain with a little quantity. France often re-exports date fruits. Most of the re-export trade takes place between European member countries (Liu). People demand dates become more and more in UK. France, Germany, Italy, the U nited Kingdom and Spain account for 85% of total imports of dates in volumes. Irelands imports are also growing. Backwards, Portugal, Netherlands, Finland, Austria show no clear trend. There are also some more date varieties: Deglet nour date variety is the most popular in Europe. Imports of this type of date are nearly 30 000 tones a year. This type is exported from Tunisia and Algeria. Also deglet nour is produced in Israel. The United States is also a producer of this type of dates. Germany and Britain import not big quantities. Southern European countries mainly consume deglet nour dates. Not deglet nour called common dates by European traders. Germany and the United Kingdom together import over 10 000 tones of common dates annually. German traders need the low price for this type of dates. Common dates also used for food in Great Britain. European people know mejool since 1990s. However, it is only last three years that they have really taken off. Nowadays the United States share the European market of dates with Israel. As more and more consumers turn to organic foods, retailers will look for a complete range of organic products, including dates. France is the leading market for dates in the European Union. Its main suppliers are Algeria and Tunisia. The United Kingdom is the second largest European market for date fruits. Then Italy and Germany follow. Imports of dates increased last years. Germany primarily imports common dates. Consumption of higher quality dates tends to increase. Spain is the fifth largest date market in Europe. But it is remarkable, that it is a country where imports are growing. Tunisia is a leader in producing of deglet nour. The official production figure in 2001 was 107 000 tones for all varieties. Algeria is the second largest producer of dates in the world (deglet nour). In 2000 365 000 tones of all varieties of dates were produced. Iran is the second largest date producer in the world with over 900 000 tones. It is the leading date supplier in the United Kingdom. Its other two largest clients are Germany and Denmark(Liu). These countries export common dates. Israel produces little quantities of date fruits (9 5000 tones in 2001). But its exports to European countries have increased over the past years and now it have reached 4 300 tones. The United States exports deglet nour and mejool dates to European countries. It produces dates in California. Pakistan is the fourth largest date producer in the world with over half a million tones in 2000. Common dates are exported to Europe from Pakistan. There are significant trade flows between the countries of the European Union. Some countries re-export dates. They are estimated at over 20 000 tones a year. The main markets of France are Germany, Belgium, Netherlands and the United Kingdom (Liu). The other European countries re-export much smaller quantities. Sine 1992 the United Kingdom exports less than 500 tones to such countries as Ireland, Denmark and Germany. Germany has become the European Unions second largest date exporter (700-900 tones a year). Germany exports dates to such countries as Austria and Denmark. The Netherlands re-exports between 500 and 700 tones annually. Operations Our selling group will initially market its product to target clients. To achieve this goal: We will create bright booklets, brochures which describe the benefit of dates, its useful properties. These booklets will be given for free on the streets close to our university. There will be invitations at the exhibition of the dates also. We will post an advertisement about the forthcoming exhibition at the Internet, on popular social networks. We will organize an exhibition of the dates where fruits will be sold at low price. This is necessary for everyone to have a possibility to taste dates. There also books and magazines about date fruits will be sold. We will organize some lectures to tell more about the dates and even to explain how to grow date palm at home. For sale we need nearly 50 kilograms of date fruits and we will order it at the market. Also we will order some interesting books about dates. We plan to hold an exhibition for 6 days. During this time we want to show that if to provide an effective advertisement people will gladly buy healthy and tasty dates. With a help of interesting and cognitive booklets a lot of customers will get to know more about these fruits and re-discover it for them. At the exhibition everyone will get an opportunity to taste dates for free and then to decide if to buy it or not. All three kinds of dates will be featured at the exhibition. To every kind there will be a special description with its characteristics. Dates will be located in nice decorated pot. Two students will sale date fruits; one will sale books and two will give booklets to customers. One student will be outside near the university giving booklets to students. But before the exhibition we will provide some lectures about dates which wi ll include history knowledge about these fruits. Lectures will be not boring, because we will prepare presentation and some additional materials about date palms and dates. We also will find some recipes of dishes with dates. Two students will lecture; three will give booklets on the streets and one will post an advertisement about an exhibition on the Internet sites, such as facebook and myspace. These advertisements should pay students attention on the forthcoming exhibition. It is obligatory to create nice and memorable advertisements and brochures. The next day an exhibition will open, where everyone will get an opportunity to taste dates and to buy interesting materials about these fruits. Management We choose Grove House for our group. Grove house is a charity for the cancerous persons. We choose this charity and want to help the patient to improve their life. Another reason is Grove House is near the law school, not too far away from De Havilland Campus. There are six members in our group. We divide our work and have group meeting in every lecture. We have a finical plan about our cash flow. In our plan, we will earn 25 pounds and all of the money will be given to Glove House to improve the patients life. Our team of students who will sell date fruits are responsible and executive. Before the engaging in selling we examined the literature on the topic, made a plan of action and calculated the necessary amount of materials. Our team was divided into three groups and every one of us got his personal duties. Two students will create interesting brochures and booklets about date palms and date fruits. One student will order dates (50-60 kg). Two students will buy all necessary equipment, such as pots for date fruits, tablecloth, and tray. One student will make a presentation for the lection. One student will write a lection about dates using interesting historical facts and other information about date palms. This student also will find some recipes of dishes with dates. So, the process will begin when everything will be ready. All the six days of selling are also planned: First day: Three students will lecture. Three students will hand out booklets and brochures. And one student will post advertisements on the Internet. Second day: Three students will sell dates. One student will sell books. Two students will hand out brochures. Forth and fifth days will be the same as second. We assign responsibilities in order to save time and resources. So, all the work will be done effectively. We will ask friends and relatives to borrow some money; also will take not huge loan at the bank. It will be enough to buy all necessary things. It is estimated that this job will begin to make a profit after two days of operations. We do not expect to have huge cash problems during the selling. If there will be some, we will sell dates later. We also can organize more exhibitions in future when there will be possibilities for this. If this selling will give a good profit, obviously, we will arrange it again very soon. And we will need only to buy date fruits, some books and perhaps some materials for brochures and booklets. As about utensils so we already have all the necessary. During these days we will earn money for charity. Risk Assessment The risk of this selling related to the point, that perhaps not all goods will be soled. Not all the booklets and brochures will be given. So, we may get a little profit or do not get any profit at all. Our costs can exceed the purchase. Another point is related with risk of lack attention of students to this arrangement. We are going to sell dates at the university, so our main clients are students. Surely, if we will provide good advertising, this arrangement will be undoubtedly successful. If we will pay not so much attention to advertising, so our selling will be not so impressive. So, good advertising is the most important thing for our arrangement. This plan is a guide for our action, the product and service part show what we will sale and what we will service to the customers. We want to believe that our first steps in the small business will be done successfully. We realize that it is impossible without mistakes but with its help we will get to know what to do in future. We believe also that our first business plan will help us to see by our eyes what the small business is and what this job demands from us. But it is not all that we are expecting to receive. We want people to know more about date fruits and to discover dates for everyone from new sides. We suppose it will be quite helpful. Everyone will get an opportunity not only to buy tasty dates but also to broad his outlook. We believe we will achieve our aims.

Free Essays - Importance of Feste in Twelfth Night :: Twelfth Night essays

Importance of Feste in Twelfth Night Feste, the amusing clown, plays a most important part in the play. He is able to take on several roles, and is indeed "for all waters"; from serious to comic, learned to nonsensical, the wit or the practical joker; just as the occasion seems to suggest. Because he is a part of both the main and sub plot, Feste is the character, who links both parts of the play together, making Twelfth Night a whole. The clown contributes towards the humourous entertainment of this play through his numerous puns and jokes. He is a source of laughter, not because we are humoured by his "foolery"; for he proves to be no fool at all; but rather because he amuses us with his brilliant wit. Having mastered the art of jesting, Feste is sensitive of his profession, always aware of the circumstances he is in and the appropriateness of this folly. Feste is able to prevent any delusions of grandeur by a reminder that foolishness is a condition common to all mankind whether one is king or servant. It is Malvolio's vanity that convinces Feste to take part in the joke played on the steward. As "Sir Topas", and Malvolio's `prosecutor` Feste attempted to help Malvolio realize that there was "no darkness but ignorance". With Feste's help, we are able to attain a better understanding of the other characters in the play- revealing their true personalities, which are sometimes unseen, not only by us, the audience, but also by the characters themselves. He shows Olivia how unrealistic and excessive her mourning for her brother's death has been, he tells Orsino how foolish he is for languishing in a mood of love-sick melancholy for Olivia and points out how mercurial his personality is, and he makes a fool out of the pompous Malvolio. "Foolery, sir, does walk about the orb like the sun- it shines everywhere" says Feste. Feste, however, never takes sides with any of the characters, and in this way, he becomes a kind of commentator for the play. He is able to examine the characters, revealing the bare truth about them and he unites the main and sub-plot in a similar way.

Human Resources Internship Essay

I applied for the Human Resources internship at Maryville Academy-Scott Nolan Center through the website indeed. com. During my internship with Maryville Academy-Scott Nolan Center, I supported the HR department and organizational initiatives. My responsibilities with recruiting initiatives included initial resume screening and on-boarding. Positions I screened for included but were not limited to mental health counselor, staff nurse, utility manager and receptionist. I also supported administrative aspects such as filing, data entry, and HRIS maintenance. Since the Scott Nolan Center is in a transitional period, I helped develop several job descriptions. From the human resources perspective, I did payroll and disciplinary action forms, as well as legal documents such as FMLA. I completed 432 hours of the Maryville Human Resources Internship Program. Expectations Prior to Internship Before the internship started, I had an interview with my Human Resources manager to discuss my expectations as well as her expectations for this internship. I expected to get involved with daily Human Resources functions. I expected to be working in a fast-paced organization. Also, I expected a certain amount of training since I did not have any relevant experience prior to the internship. One other thing I was concerned with was that there might be a difference when recruiting for non-profit organizations compared to for-profit organizations. I thought recruiters would pay attention to some unique personalities or rules when they screened qualified applicants. For instance, some for-profit organizations might focus on people who have the required skills, such as sales skills, customer service skills and presentation skills. For this particular non-profit organization, I would pay more attention to personality traits, such as openness and agreeableness. Beyond My Expectations Beyond my expectations, I learned that every organization has its unique culture. It does not matter if it is profit or non-profit. Some organizations focus on employees’ training and development, while other organizations focus on select candidates who have certain minimum skills before they can be hired. These employees require little training and development. The organization I worked for is a children’s psychiatric hospital. Its patients are youths who are suicidal or suffered from sexual and physical abuse in their family. These patients are very sensitive. Thus, they are looking for employees to be energetic, positive and have professional nursing or therapy skills. They want their employees to not only care about the patient physically, but also mentally. During the recruiting process, I considered not only whether candidates had the essential KSAs to finish tasks, but also whether their personality would fit the organization. My expectations about this internship mainly focused on recruiting, as well as maintaining the employee database, such as workers’ compensations and payroll. Since the hospital was expanding, several new positions were created. Beyond my expectations, I had to update and develop several job descriptions. On the legal aspect, I was not expecting to get very involved. However, I had a chance to follow a FMLA case and to issue disciplinary action forms to employees who violated organizational policy. These legal documents made me realize the importance of legal documents in uman resources management. Selection Process General Process A significant portion of my internship responsibility was recruiting. These responsibilities ranged from screening candidates’ resumes to interviewing and preparing hiring documents. I would screen resumes from our database and select whom I believed would fit in the position. Then, I would conduct a phone interview with the applicant. After the phone interview, if I still felt the individual fit the organization, I would schedule an in person interview with our Human Resources Manager for the applicant. Our manager would make the final decision after the interview. If our manager decided to hire this individual, I would start preparing hiring paperwork including background check, reference check and medical record. My responsibilities would be all the above-mentioned tasks, which concluded with filing all the documents and sending it to the orientation group in order to prepare new-hire orientation documents. Screening Resume Before the internship, I read an article by Applicants (2009). He gave me several tips I kept in mind during the resume screening process. First of all, I was aware of potential adverse impact during the screening process. I should not focus on screening applicants from particular race or gender group. Companies have significant discretion in defining the basic qualifications for each position that they fill so long as those qualifications are defined by the outset of the hiring process for the position. When I selected qualified applicants for phone interviews, I chose candidates who met the minimum qualifications. Then, we chose whoever had best matched our skill requirements to continue to the next phase, which is an in person interview. These minimum requirements were determined by job descriptions. The job description helped us identify which candidate was able to perform the job, such as develop policy and communicate with patients. Thus, developing a job description was very important. After screening resumes for minimum qualifications, phone interviews were conducted. Importance of determine personality traits and Organizational Citizenship Behaviors (OCBs) during selection process We wanted to select employees who we believed would be successful in the job. According o Barrick and Mount (1991), the â€Å"Big Five† personality dimensions are related to job performance. Their study indicated that Conscientiousness, which is a tendency to show self-discipline, act dutiful, and aim for achievement against measures or outside expectations showed consistent relations with job proficiency. Extraversion, which is characterized by positive emotions, surgency, and the tendency to seek out stimulation and the company of others, was a valid predictor for occupations involving social interaction. The other three factors- Openness, Agreeableness and Neuroticism had small correlation score. Since most of the positions involved interacting with children, Extraversion would be the factor I needed to pay attention to. From this article, I understood the importance of using personality traits during the selection process. To help me determine useful personality traits for different positions, Raymark, Schmit and Guion (2006) talked about identifying potentially useful personality constructs for employee selection. They created the Personality-Related Position Requirements Form (PPRF), which was a job analysis form to be used in making hypotheses about personality predictors of job performance. People predicted job performance by identifying whether the candidate’s personality matched the dimensions they determined in the job analysis. For example, the author conducted a job analysis and hypothesized that several dimensions were essential to perform the job efficiently, such as leadership, sensitivity to interests of others, cooperative or collaborative work tendency and general trustworthiness. Then, authors linked candidates’ personality with these dimensions to identify who fit the position best. I did not get a chance to use the actual form due to the limited resources and budget at work; however, I learned from it. Before screening for every position, I read the job description in our database and analyzed potential personalities that would fit the particular position. I also discussed these personalities with my manager for suggestions. When I screened resumes and interviewed, I would look for the specific personalities to match required skill sets as well as the organization’s culture. Employees in the organizations are always helpful. They are very easy to talk to. Everybody worked together and helped each other out. I talked to my manager about our organizational culture and she said that we are helpful, energetic and team-orientated. It was difficult to draw personality traits simply from the resume, so I looked at the format of the resume to determine if the candidate was detail-oriented or not. If the format of the resume was disorganized, there was a greater chance that the candidate was not careful, as opposed to one with an organized resume. If a potential employee was careless when editing their resume, I would conclude that they would not try their best at work. If the candidate passed the resume phase it meant a chance for a phone interview. This was the phase where we could get a general sense of the candidate’s personality. I talked to my manager before conducting phone interviews to discuss traits I should look for. For example, I would look for people who are energetic and outgoing; and people who were patient and easy to talk to. Their tones on the phone and language they used would be a big part of the determination process. We were looking for candidates who had positive tones and good communication skills. Even though there was no list of personality traits to look for, I tried to analyze the job description. I discussed the jobs with my coworkers and drew a list of personality traits in my mind when I phone interviewed candidates. When they responded to our questions, we were looking for people who answer calmly and respectfully. Other than personality traits, OCB was another important factor I paid attention to when I conducted the phone interview. OCB is the â€Å"performance that supports the social and psychological environment in which task performance takes places† (Organ, 1997). Research results showed OCB has significant relationships with important organizational outcomes such as productivity, efficiency, and turnover (Podsakoff, Whiting, Podsakoff, & Blume, 2009). With minimum qualifications, I wanted to select candidates who showed OCBs in their phone interview. Podsakoff, Whiting, Podsakoff, & Mishra (2010) also talked about the effects of OCBs on selection decision in employment interviews. The article reports on an experiment examning the effects of job candidates’ propensity to exhibit OCBs on selection decisions made in the context of a job interview. The result showed that candidates who exhibited higher levels of OCBs were generally rated as more competent, received higher overall evaluations, and received higher salary recommendations than candidates who exhibited lower levels of OCBs. When I asked job candidates questions, I was looking for people who showed higher levels of helping, voice, and loyalty behaviors in their answers. I believe employees who love to help others, who would express their feelings to improve rather than criticize, and who showed loyalty to their employers would work well in our organization. I talked to my manager about these factors and she agreed with me. For example, for the receptionist position, when I asked the candidate about their past working experience, I would like to hear examples of them voluntarily helping their co-workers, or solving conflicts between co-workers. Also, I would want to hear them talk about what did they achieved at the past job, like what did they do to improve the company or themselves. Another thing I would ask them is why were they looking for a new job? Candidates’ responses and attitudes toward their old employer would give me an idea of their loyalty if they were work for our organization. If these personality traits and OCBs showed during the phone interview, I would invite candidates to come in for an in-person interview. The reason for conducting a walk-in interview after a phone interview was because by meeting with the individual, it helped us to know the individual better. Our organization required employees to have an in-house observation to give them a chance to get in touch with patients and observe their reactions. I was not able to participate in the in-house observations; however, I tried my best to select potential candidates from the first two rounds of interviews. Selection Decisions Dalessio and Imada (1984) talked about relationships between interview selection decisions and perceptions of applicant similarity. The study had shown that interviewers’ final decisions were related to: [a] the degree of similarity between the interviewers’ perception of the ideal employee and the applicant, and [b] the degree of similarity between the interviewers’ self-perception and the applicant. This was a useful tip when I interviewed. I sat in several interviews before personally conducting one. I observed the communication between applicants and my Human Resources Manager. Since all these candidates passed the minimum qualification, my manager looked for someone who best fit the organization. â€Å"Fit† is the word we use in our selection process. Many applicants had the minimum qualifications for the job; however, we wanted someone who fit in the organization. Garcia, Posthuma, & Colella (2008) talked about how interviewers construct fit perceptions about applicants. Their results showed that performance expectation had a direct effect on fit perceptions. Unanimously with the study, our manager wanted to select people who she thought would perform well in the organization. She had an idea of what an ideal applicant would look like in her mind. For example, when we hired nurses, my manager looked to see if the applicant was careful, sensitive, caring and good at teamwork. If the applicant used to work in teams and got along with his or her team members, she would be able to determine if this applicant fit our organization. This person should have high Agreeableness. If we were hiring for a receptionist, we would want to look for candidates who love to help others. From these observations, I learned to study the interview questions and pay attention to personality traits and OCBs that we were looking for in an ideal employee. Each time, I would read these different interview questions for different positions and rehearse the questions in my mind. Also, I identified personality traits and OCBs that were related to the position. Combined with the PPRF I mentioned earlier, I discussed with my manager about our expectations for an ideal candidate before the interview. What were the essential skills and personalities that fit in the organization? After I identified those aspects, I would start the interview process. The more the individual matched our requirements, the more likely this individual would be hired. Each position requires different personality traits; unfortunately, I am not able to list them out specifically due to the confidentiality policy of the organization. Difficulties Encountered Unavoidably, we chose some overqualified candidates to pursue to the next step, which are the background check and drug-screen test. We chose these candidates because they would be quick studies and help others develop. However, our compensation was not the most attractive in the industry. We lost several over-qualified candidates right before orientation. Some left due to compensation limitations; some left due to lack of potential opportunities. We lost both time and money due to the unexpected losses. I discussed these issues with my manager. She told me that they lost more than 70% of over-qualified individuals among all over-qualified individuals during the recruiting process in the past. Even though the turnover is high, they have better potential compared to individuals who have minimum skills only. Her ways to avoid the situation was to not interview over-qualified individuals if they required much higher compensation than what we could offer. I disagreed with her opinion. Compensation definitely matters to jobseekers, however, it is not the only thing that matters. I believed more factors should be considered before we decided if an interview should be conducted, such as potential growth, training and development, as well as a benefit package. According to Wells (2004), there are pros and cons of hiring overqualified candidates. The potential advantages include they might be able to pick up tomorrow’s leaders today at below-market prices. If they were hired, they could help employees meet their goals sooner and potentially contribute a lot more to the company. However, there were disadvantages as well. Overqualified candidates were often too expensive. If we didn’t give them a better compensation package, situations similar in our organizations would be likely to happen again. Also, Wells mentioned that they were likely to intimidate others. Hiring a person who is far more experienced than his or her peers or immediate supervisor could create upside-down reporting relationships and authority tensions. Careful assessment was required when intending to hire overqualified candidates. From the article, I learned that I should decide how to define over-qualification. I brought up the topic at one of our intern meetings. We agreed that being at the wrong level and salary expectation was one of the most important factors. It looked kind of like Maslow’s hierarchy of needs (Maslow, 1943). He used the terms Physiological, Safety, Belongingness and Love, Esteem, Self-Actualization and Self-Transcendence need to describe the pattern that human motivations generally move through. When primary needs were satisfied, people seek for higher level needs. I think over-qualified employees do the same. Compensation is a primary need for job seekers. However, it is not the only factor that matters. If we provide fair amount of compensation, they look for other factors such as personal growth. However, if the compensation level is much lower than the average, they seek for other companies. Our organization does not have to have the most attractive compensation, however, it should be the average in the industry. We provided minimum pay at the phone interview. Also, there was a pay expectation on the job application. Comparing our minimum pay and candidates’ expectations, we would be able to draw a picture of the possibility of follow through the hiring process with the over qualified candidates. For example, we would give applicants a realistic preview of what the job would be. During the phone screen process, I told them the salary for the position and paid attention to their response. If the candidate hesitated, they most likely would not continue the process. We would not follow up with this candidate. The next step was to ask if we could do something to position the job opportunity to better take advantage of the applicant’s experience. For instance, if the applicant’s past experience was specialized in child care, we would transfer the applicant to the childcare facilities within the organization. Or, if the applicant obviously had more skills and experience, we would offer a higher-level position instead of an entry-level position. Also, we arranged in-house observations for applicants to give them a preview of certain responsibilities of the job and observe their reaction in the real work environment. Lastly, we assessed what career stage the person was in. We would like to know if they had ambitious goals and wanted fast growth. As a result, we looked at three predictors of candidate’s success on the job: the ability to do the work, the ability to work well with others and motivation. Motivation factors include, career growth like promotion opportunities and personnel growth, such as education reimbursement. Following these assessment steps, we successfully decreased the drop off rate for overqualified candidates. During my internship period, we made efforts to hire seven over-qualified candidates, half of them went through the whole process, which is much better than before. Job Description Development Beyond my expectations, I had a chance to develop several job descriptions during my internship due to organization transformation and expansion. Brannick and Levine (2002) mentioned that the structure of the job description should include identifiers, a summary section, duties and tasks, and other information. They suggest using a KSA modeling approach and critical incident technique to structure the job description. Due to the limited time I was given, I was not able to analyze these KSAs and critical incidents. However, I followed their format, which made the job description easier to read. Since the organization had their own format for job descriptions, which didn’t include a summary section, I discussed with my manager the benefit of adding a summary section for each position and edited all of our job descriptions. The summary section gave applicants and mployees a clear idea of what their responsibilities were and linked with tasks and skill sets required. I believe the summary gave employees a better idea of what their daily functions looked like. During my internship, I developed job description for utility manager, staff development specialist, and executive assistant. Also, my coworkers and I revised all of our job descriptions in the database by adding a summary section. After the format was decided, I planned to start to draft the job description. Part of the job description was minimum qualifications. Levine, Maye, Ulm, and Gordon (1997) provided a step-by-step account of the methodology and described the means by which validated minimum qualifications (MQ) were obtained. The authors indicated that MQs were created for education, experience, and closely related personalities needed to perform a job satisfactorily. In our organization, a closely related personality for nurse would be Agreeableness. We looked for people who would follow the policy and work with others. MQs are often used as screening devices in personnel selection. Our organization used MQs to screen out applicants as well. Levine, et al (1997) mentioned that in order to determine minimum qualifications, a job analysis needed to be conducted. Its descriptors or components were both behavioral and cognitive in nature. Tasks, the behavioral aspects and KSAs, and the cognitive aspects were determined. Scales were developed to evaluate tasks and KSAs for their impact and relevance in establishing MQs. The authors indicated that this job analysis established a basis for the development of MQs, and defined domains against which to evaluate the MQs for content validity. Preliminary research and observation by human resources specialists, including review of the dictionary of occupational titles, also helped to lead to the preparation of draft lists of tasks and KSAs. Interviews with current employees should be conducted to review relevant tasks and responsibilities required at their job. The authors also suggested a meeting with SMEs to determine the final task and KSA list. Using the list, people should be able to prepare a set of MQ profiles. According to the study, this methodology proved to have high inter- rater reliability.